Erroneously Perceived Structures Course Navigation Close Previous Next Module A: Ultrasound Physics Module A: Ultrasound Physics - Overview Introduction to Ultrasound Physics Sound Waves Period, Frequency and Wavelength Amplitude, Power and Intensity Characteristics of a Medium Pulsed Ultrasound Intensities Decibel Notation Acoustic Properties of Tissue Acoustic Properties of Sound Continued Components of the Transducer Anatomy of a Sound Beam Resolution Instrumentation Ultrasound Transducers Principles of Doppler Positive Doppler Shift Negative Doppler Shift The Doppler Angle Pulsed Wave Doppler Continuous Wave Doppler Color Flow Imaging Artifacts Degraded Image Missing Structures Erroneously Perceived Structures Mislocated Structures Safety, Bioeffects and Ergonomics Conclusion Module A Quiz Module B: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Module B: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology - Overview Introduction to Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology Basic Anatomy Pericardium Myocardium Chambers Valves Atrioventricular Valves Semilunar Valves Septa Great Arteries Coronary Arteries and Veins Electrophysiology Conduction System Action Potential The Electrocardiogram Cardiac Hemodynamics Flow of Blood Heart Pressures Heart Sounds Abnormal Heart Sounds Physiology terms Embryology Conclusion Module B Quiz Recommended simulator work Module C: Introduction to Transthoracic Echocardiography Module C: Introduction to Transthoracic Echocardiography - Overview Introduction to Echocardiography Probe Manipulation Patient positioning and standard TTE Views Parasternal Views Parasternal Long Axis (PLAX) Right Ventricular Inflow (RVIT) Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) Parasternal Short Axis at the AV level (PSAX- AV) Parasternal Short Axis of the Mitral Valve (PSAX-MV) Parasternal Short Axis of the Left ventricle/Papillary Level (PSAX-LV) Parasternal Short Axis at the LV Apex Level Apical Views Apical Four Chamber (A4C) Apical Five Chamber (A5C) Apical Two Chamber (A2C) Apical Three Chamber (A3C) Subcostal Views Subcostal Four Chamber (SC 4C) Subcostal of the Inferior Vena Cava (SC IVC) Suprasternal Views Suprasternal Notch of the Aortic Arch (SSN) Introduction of M-mode Imaging M-mode of the Aorta M-mode of the Mitral Valve M-mode of the Left Ventricle 2D Measurements Color Flow Imaging Spectral Doppler Doppler of the MV Doppler Tissue Imaging Doppler of the LVOT Doppler of the AV Doppler of the TV Doppler of the PV Additional Echo Measurements Stroke Volume Ejection Fraction Strain Imaging Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) Assessment of Diastolic Function Normal Diastolic Function Parameters Sample Protocol Conclusion Module C Quiz Recommended simulator work 2D Imaging Measuring from M-mode and the 2D Image Color Flow Imaging and Spectral Doppler Module D: Valve Disease Module D: Valve Disease - Overview Introduction to Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Mitral Stenosis Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Mitral Stenosis Calculations MS Calculation Values Treatments Mitral Regurgitation Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Mitral Regurgitation Calculations MR Calculation Values Treatments Mitral Valve Prolapse Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Aortic Valve Disease Aortic Stenosis Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Aortic Stenosis Calculations AS Calculation Values Treatments Aortic Regurgitation Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Aortic Regurgitation Calculations AR Calculation Values Treatments Tricuspid Valve Disease Tricuspid Stenosis Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Tricuspid Stenosis Calculations TS Calculation Values Treatments Tricuspid Regurgitation Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Tricuspid Regurgitation Calculations TR Calculation Values Treatments Pulmonic Valve Disease Pulmonic Regurgitation Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Pulmonic Regurgitation Calculations and Values Treatments Infective Endocarditis Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Conclusion Module D Quiz Recommended Simulator Work Module E: Ischemic Heart Disease Module E: Ischemic Heart Disease - Overview Introduction to Ischemic Heart Disease Myocardial Ischemia versus Myocardial Infarction Etiology Signs and Symptoms Complications Regional Wall Motion Abnormality 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Papillary Muscle Dysfunction 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatment Aneurysm True Aneurysm 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatment Pseudoaneurysm 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatment Ventricular Septal Defect 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatment Dressler's Syndrome 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments RV Infarction 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Assessment of Diastolic Function Normal Diastolic Function Parameters Grade I Diastolic Dysfunction Grade II Diastolic Dysfunction Grade III Diastolic Dysfunction Conclusion Module E Quiz Recommended Simulator work Module F: Cardiomyopathies Module F: Cardiomyopathies - Overview Introduction to Cardiomyopathies Dilated Cardiomyopathy Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow and Doppler findings Treatments Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow and Doppler findings Treatments Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Idiopathic Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow and Doppler findings Treatments Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Conclusion Module F Quiz Recommended Simulator work Module G: Pericardial Disease Module G: Pericardial Disease - Overview Introduction to Pericardial Disease Pericardial Effusion Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Cardiac Tamponade Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Constrictive Pericarditis Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Conclusion Module G Quiz Recommended Simulator work Module H: Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension Module H: Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension - Overview Introduction to Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension Systemic Hypertension Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Pulmonary Hypertension Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Conclusion Module H Quiz Recommended Simulator work Module I: Diseases of the Aorta Module I: Diseases of the Aorta - Overview Introduction to Diseases of the Aorta Aortic Dissection Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Conclusion Module I Quiz Recommended Simulation Work Module J: Cardiac Masses Module J: Cardiac Masses - Overview Introduction to Cardiac Tumors Benign Cardiac Tumors Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Myxoma Papilloma Fibroma Lipoma Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum Rhabdomyoma Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Malignant Cardiac Tumors Etiology Signs and Symptoms 2D findings Angiosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Metastatic Tumors Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Miscellaneous Structures Conclusion Module J Quiz Recommended Simulator work Module K: Congenital Heart Defects Module K: Congenital Heart Defects - Overview Introduction to Congenital Heart Defects Atrial Septal Defect Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Ventricular Septal Defect Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Patent Ductus Arteriosus Signs and Symptoms 2D and M-mode findings Color Flow Imaging and Doppler findings Treatments Atrioventricular septal defect Transposition of the Great Arteries Tetralogy of Fallot Ebstein's Anomaly Eisenmenger's Syndrome Conclusion Module K Quiz Recommended Simulator work Module L: Miscellaneous Diseases Module L: Miscellaneous Diseases - Overview Introduction to Miscellaneous Diseases AIDS The Aging Heart Aortic Valve Sclerosis Athlete's Heart Atrial fibrillation Chagas Disease Cocaine Cor Pulmonale Kawasaki's Disease Left Bundle Branch Block Marfan's Syndrome Non-compaction of Ventricular Myocardium Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Pulmonary Embolus Module L Quiz Recommended Simulator Work Module M: Interventional Echocardiography Module M: Interventional Echocardiography - Overview Pacemaker Implantation Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Transcatheter Septal Closure Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Left Ventricular Assist Devices Module M Quiz Recommended Simulator Work Module N: Echocardiographic Equations Module N: Echocardiographic Equations - Overview Velocity Stroke Volume Ejection Fraction: Modified Simpson's calculation Fractional Area Change Fractional Shortening Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure / Systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure Shunt Ratio Gradient: the Modified Bernoulli Equation dP/dt PISA: Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Pressure Half Time Continuity Equation Vena Contracta Please sign up for the course before starting the lesson. 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